RussianRound@narod.ruRussianRound@narod.ruHighly above abrupt coast of the Moscow - river, in a picturesque natural environment, the ancient village Kolomna with приселками - a unique historical place where within many centuries were created, assemble and carefully kept relics of Russian people . Nearby to Kolomna two thousand years back there was a most ancient settlement in territory of Moscow - " Lecturer
village ". The first written mention of village Kolomna concerns to 1339 and contains in the spiritual letter of Moscow prince Ivan Kality.
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Since XIV century Kolomna is a summer country manor of great Moscow princes and Russian kings. In XVI-XVII centuries here there is the unique architectural ensemble subordinated to idea of a solemn imperial residence, representing big art and a historical value." The Eighth miracle of light " - Alexey Mihajlovicha's wooden palace (60th XVII in.) it was kept in memoirs of contemporaries. In the summer 1996 archeologists under N.A.Krenke's management(manual) have found out белокаменный the base of an ancient palace. In 20th years of XX century on the basis of the Kolomna complex the small museum which has turned in due course in State art historical - architectural and natural landscape museum - reserve "Kolomna" was based.
George's belfry.
The monument concerns to type two-storied temples. The exact times of construction belfry is not known. Presumably, it was constructed in middle of XVI century and originally carried out function of a belfry of church of Rise. Under the legend during Dmitry Don (II-half XIV century) on this place there was Sacred George Pobedonostsa's temple. In XVII century from the west it was attached wooden refectory and the bottom circle belfry began to be used as an altar. In 1843 architect E.D.Tjurin has replaced wooden refectory on stone. At the end of 20th of I.D.Baranovsky of our century has tried to return belfryan initial kind. Presently belfry represents a two-story tower - rotunda. From above it is blocked by the brick dome arch on which the small drum is established. Top, intended for toll the circle has five through arches, where on rotating axes span bells. On belfry, apparently, it was applied ancient a way bell when shook a bell. In decorative furniture of a building three elements repeat: flat pilasters, profile eaves and arches with ring . The semicircular motive is constantly used. The born kokoshniks emphasize ease belfry which on a background устремленной upwards not seems to church of Rise heavy and fubsy
Complex of the Forward Gate.Forward gate served as smart entrance to an imperial manor of XVII century. Воздвигнутые in 1672-1673 a stone gate have replaced more ancient oak. A gate consist of four circles and are finished by a tower with a blind tent. In the tower bells of hour fight are placed. The basis of a gate is disjoint by two arches: wide - for horse entrance, narrow - for the pedestrian pass. Above arches the chamber, where in XVII is located Organ in. There was a special mechanism. It incorporated a special drive to sculptures of lions facing below at the Forward gate which, welcoming visitors, rotated eyes, lifted paws and issued a roar. The Hour chamber with a clockwork and clock-face above settled down. The original ancient mechanism was not kept and today on its place there is another, transferred with Suharev towers which is dated XIX century. Furniture of the Forward gate typically for Russian architecture of XVII century. It includes "porebrik" (a brick acting as the edge from a plane of a wall) on eaves, an ornament of platbands from figured bricks, a list of a wall " under a brick ". In XVII in. Shutters of a gate were painted by bright paints and gilding. Last detail of an ornament has not reached our time. From the southern party the Colonel's chambers adjoin to the Forward gate - the premises intending for on duty chiefs of Strelez regiments, protecting an imperial residence. They were constructed simultaneously with a gate and decorated even more modestly. From northern party of the Forward gate are Command chambers. Here solved many economic affairs, here acted for trial of suit and petitions. Earlier Orders borrowed four chambers, had "G" the figurative plan and marquee porches. The part from them was destroyed, and to the kept walls were
Extensions in which the interior of office accommodation of XVII century is now restored are made.
The temple of Rise Gods was constructed in 1532 on command of grand duke Vasily III. The legend connects construction of church to birth at prince of the son, future king John Terrible. The building carries is underlined центрический character. Application of the warrant and the Italian character of some the details of a decor not met up to those in monuments of Russian architecture, gives the basis to assume participation in construction of a temple of the Italian architect. Names of builders of church are unknown. (height - 62 m, thickness of walls 2,5 - 3 m). Inside the tent of a temple is open, why in a small premiseon the area (8,5X8,5) the impression of extensive space and the general tendency of all forms upwards (height of a premisehere 41m) is created. Except for it the premise differs fine acoustics. The temple of Rise God intended only for members of imperial family. The reason of installation here an imperial place till now remains a riddle. March, 2, 1917. In day of renunciation of a throne of Russian emperor Nikolay II, in подклете churches there was a wonder-working phenomenon of an icon " the Majestic Virgin " .В present time the list of this icon is in aisle Dmitry Solunskogo of church of the Kazan Mother of god. The church of Rise Господня in Kolomna is first of kept up to our time and the most perfect stone шатровым the temple which has begun new type of a temple which has received a wide circulation in Russia in XVI-XVII вв. Therefore it is not casual, that this monument is included by UNESCO in 1994 in the World list historical and a cultural heritage. 
Churches of an icon of the Kazan Mother of god .In memory of disposal of Moscow from the Polish aggressors king Michael Fedorovich has ordered to put in pawn stone five-domed church in a name of the Kazan Mother of god, consecrated at Alexey Mihajloviche. Exact date of construction of church till now is not established, the period of its(her) construction with reorganizations carry to 1644-1670. In XVII c. The building was connected by transitions at a level of the second floor to the mansion of empress which is included in a complex of a wooden palace of Alexey Mihajlovicha, and was imperial house church. In an interior of working temple ancient iconostasis XVII-XVIII of centuries is restored. The list of walls concerns to XIX century. The church service in church of an icon of the Kazan Mother of god for all its long history of existence interrupted only in 1941-1942.
